Ampicillin: What It Is and How It Works

What is Ampicillin?

Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the penicillin group of antibiotics. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, and septicemia.

Description and Formulation

Ampicillin is available as an oral capsule, an oral suspension, and an injection. The oral capsule contains 250 mg or 500 mg of ampicillin, while the oral suspension contains 125 mg or 250 mg per 5 mL. The injection is available in 250 mg and 500 mg doses.

Pharmacological Action

Ampicillin works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. It does this by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, which are essential for the survival of bacteria. By preventing the synthesis of cell walls, ampicillin weakens the bacteria, making them more susceptible to the body's immune system.

Dosage and Administration

The recommended dose of ampicillin varies depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. The usual adult dose for most infections is 250-500 mg every 6 hours. The dose may be increased in severe infections or decreased in patients with kidney problems. It is important to take ampicillin at the same time every day to maintain consistent blood levels of the drug.

Precautions and Contraindications

Ampicillin should not be used by patients who are allergic to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics. It should be used with caution in patients with kidney problems or a history of liver disease. Ampicillin can also reduce the effectiveness of certain birth control pills, so alternative forms of contraception should be used while taking ampicillin.

Side Effects

Common side effects of ampicillin include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and rash. More serious side effects, such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face or throat, are rare but should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.

Interactions with Other Drugs

Ampicillin can interact with other drugs, including oral contraceptives, blood thinners, and other antibiotics. It is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting ampicillin.

Overdose

An overdose of ampicillin can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Analogues

Some common analogues of ampicillin include amoxicillin, penicillin, and cloxacillin. These drugs have similar mechanisms of action and can be used to treat many of the same infections as ampicillin.

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